Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample

Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample

Subjective:

CC: “I am depressed with Joshua’s emotional outbursts. I have difficulty providing consistent caretaking Joshua and his sibling sister and sending them to school.”(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)

HPI: Joshua is a 12-year-old boy. He is in 6^th grade. According to the grandmother, Joshua has had a decline in behavior since his sibling was placed with him. (Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)The grandmother reports that Joshua believes the sibling is receiving more attention than he is. As a result, he is easily angered and reactive to the attention paid to his sibling. He is often volatile with frequent outbursts of anger, and multiple arousal signs, including impaired concentration, irritability, insomnia, and nervousness. Joshua’s behavioral change had affected his school performance. Prior to the placement with the grandmother, Joshua suffered parental neglect and physical abuse, leaving him with bruises on his legs and arms. The mother once admitted that Joshua is slow to develop. Joshua loves art and dislikes remedial reading classes, and he is about two years behind in reading. Joshua is talkative and social when in a happy mood.(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)

Past Medical Hx: None Reported.

Past Psychiatric Hx: Diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Current Medications: None reported.

Medication trials: None reported.

Family psychiatric/substance use: Grandmother had childhood trauma. Parents have a history of drug and alcohol abuse(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)

Allergies: None reported.

Social: Currently lives with the grandmother and her sibling sister. The parents are separated. Has a history of neglect, physical abuse, and parental substance abuse. Mother has a history of stress from an abusive husband.(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)

Review of Systems

General: No fever or chills

HEENT: No headache. Normal eyesight. Normal hearing. No nasal congestion or runny nose. No sore throat.

Skin: No bruises.

Cardiovascular: No chest discomfort or pain.

Respiratory:

Pulmonary: No cough or shortness of breath.

Gastrointestinal: No loss of appetite.

Genitourinary: Not sexually active(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)

Musculoskeletal: No joint or muscle pain.

Neurological: No hallucinations or seizures.

Hematologic: No hemophilia.

Lymphatics: No enlarged nodes.

Objective:

Temp: 98 F, BP: 128/80, HR: 84, R: 18, O2: 99, Ht: 4’7’’, Wt.: 85lbs, BMI: 19.8 kg/m²

Diagnostic results:

Lab findings: WNL

Assessment.

Mental Status Examination: Joshua is a 12-year-old boy who looks his age. He is alert and oriented. He is well kempt and appears to be in distress. He is interactive and demonstrates a good understanding of the occasion. Eye contact avoidant and appears restricted. Psychomotor agitation was observed during the examination. Mood and effects are congruent. Has difficulty concentrating and maintaining attention. Insights and judgment are poor, with limited cognition.(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)

Differential Diagnosis

Diagnostic Impression: The psychiatric indicates support for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), or Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). DSM5 code for ODD is 313.81 (F91.3).(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)

1. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) (F91.3)

ODD is defined by an irritable pattern lasting about six months and characterized by loss of temper, touchiness, angriness, or defiance of authority (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2019). This is the primary diagnosis since the client meets all the DSM- criteria for ODD diagnosis.(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)

2. Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (F90.0).

The DSM5 code for ADHD is 314.00 (F90.0). Predominantly inattentive ADHD is defined by an inattention pattern that affects development and functioning, characterized by the inability to pay attention to details, difficulty maintaining attention, and inability to listen when spoken to or follow instructions (APA, 2019). The client does not exclusively present six or more symptoms of inattention. The diagnosis is refuted.(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)

3. Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) (94.1)

The DSM5 code for RAD is 313.89 (94.1). RAD is defined by social neglect or deprivation, changes in primary caregivers, or living in unusual settings, limiting opportunities to establish selective attachment (APA, 2019). However, the disturbance should be experienced before five years. This diagnosis is refuted.(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)

Treatment Plan

Start the client on family behavioral therapy. Pharmacological treatments are not recommended as a first-line intervention for ODD (Riley, Ahmed, & Locke, 2016). Behavioral therapy for the client and the family would help improve the ODD symptoms among children and adolescents. Behavioral therapy is also crucial in improving self-control, self-esteem, and behavior (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). The intervention aims to manage the client’s behavior towards her sibling and peers.

1. Starts the client on Methylphenidate 5mg BID and adjusts appropriately (Huss et al., 2017). Methylphenidate is a Central Nervous System acting pharmaceutical agent and will be crucial in managing the client’s comorbid hyperactivity and inattentiveness.(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)
2. Recommend an Individualized Education Program (IEP). IEP is an ideal platform for a child to learn, considering how and what they learn depending on their educational needs and improving their education achievement (Spiel, Evans & Langberg, 2014).(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)
3. Educate the grandmother on medication side effects, strategies, and skills to help Joshua relate well with his sibling and peers. The grandmother is knowledgeable about the side effects of medication and voices an understanding of the clients’ conditions and the treatment intervention.(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)

The client is to return to the clinic in four weeks.

References

Huss, M., Duhan, P., Gandhi, P., Chen, C. W., Spannhuth, C., & Kumar, V. (2017). Methylphenidate dose optimization for ADHD treatment: a review of safety, efficacy, and clinical necessity. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment.(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample) https://dx.doi.org/10.2147%2FNDT.S130444

Spiel, C. F., Evans, S. W., & Langberg, J. M. (2014). Evaluating the content of Individualized Education Programs and 504 Plans of young adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. School Psychology Quarterly, 29(4), 452.(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample) https://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2Fspq0000101

American Psychiatric Association. (2019). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (7^th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.   (Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)

Riley, M., Ahmed, S., & Locke, A. B. (2016). Common questions about the oppositional defiant disorder. American Family Physician, 93(7), 586-591.(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample)

Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. (September 2020). Parent Training in Behavior Management for ADHD. Retrieved 9 September 2021(Depression Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Paper Sample), from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/behavior-therapy.html